Gambian Gov’t Upholds Ban On Female Genital Mutilation

Gambian lawmakers voted on Monday to uphold a 2015 ban on female genital mutilation (FGM), rejecting a controversial Bill seeking to overturn the law after months of heated debate and international pressure.

Legislators dismissed the Bill by voting against all the proposed amendments to the 2015 text that would have decriminalised the practice.

Rights groups and the United Nations (UN) had urged members of Parliament to reject the Bill, saying it threatened years of progress and would have seen The Gambia become the first country to overturn a ban on FGM.

Table banging could be heard in the packed parliamentary chamber as parliamentarians rejected each of the four clauses in the law.

“The Women’s (Amendment) Bill 2024, having gone through the consideration stage with all the clauses voted down, is hereby deemed rejected,” said Fabakary Tombong Jatta, the speaker of the National Assembly.

“I rule that the bill is rejected and the legislative process exhausted,” he added.

The Bill had been making its way through parliament since March, deeply dividing public opinion in the Muslim-majority West African country.

The piece of legislation, introduced by MP Almameh Gibba, argued that “female circumcision” is a deep-rooted cultural and religious practice, but anti-FGM campaigners and international rights groups say it is a harmful violation against women and girls.

FGM involves the partial or total removal of the female external genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs and can lead to serious health problems including infections, bleeding, infertility, and complications in childbirth.

The Gambia is among the 10 countries with the highest rates of FGM, with 73 per cent of women and girls aged 15 to 49 having undergone the procedure, according to 2024 figures from UNICEF.

A UN report from March said that more than 230 million girls and women worldwide were survivors of the practice.

“This vote is a significant victory for women and girls in The Gambia,” Divya Srinivasan, from women’s rights NGO Equality Now, told AFP after the decision, adding that it reflected the country’s dedication to upholding gender equality.

“We hope this sets an example in the immediate region as well as in the whole continent,” she added.

Amnesty International also welcomed the decision to uphold the 2015 ban.

“In 2015, the adoption of the Women’s (Amendment) Act, which criminalizes and sets out punishments for performing, aiding, and abetting the practice of FGM, represented a significant milestone in the country’s efforts to safeguard girls’ and women’s rights,” Amnesty International Regional Director for West and Central Africa, Samira Daoud, said in a statement.

“It was essential that this progress was protected,” she added.

But, the rights organisation also said the government must do more to uphold the law and address the “root causes of the issue to change attitudes and norms to empower women and girls.”

Former Gambian dictator Yahya Jammeh, now in exile, banned FGM in 2015, branding it outdated and not a requirement of Islam.

Parliament later that year adopted the first law specifically banning the practice, which is now punishable by up to three years in prison.

But in reality, FGM has not been eradicated in The Gambia, with the first convictions for performing the procedure only taking place last year.

It was those convictions which caused the issue to flare up in the tiny West African country.

After referring the Women’s (Amendment) Bill 2024 to a parliamentary committee in March, Gambian legislators last week backed the committee’s conclusions calling for the ban to be maintained.

The report from the Joint Committee on Health and Gender said that repealing the ban “would expose women and girls to severe health risks and violate their right to physical and mental well-being.”

It also said it had consulted Islamic scholars who confirmed that the practice was not a requirement of Islam, an argument commonly used by FGM advocates.