US To Tighten Green Card Public Charge Assessment

The United States is set to tighten its assessment of the public charge requirement for certain green card applicants from September 18, 2026, following updated guidance issued by the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services.

The updated guidance, published on the USCIS website and sighted by reporters on Wednesday, explains how immigration officers will determine whether an applicant seeking to adjust status to lawful permanent residence is likely to become a public charge at any time.

A public charge generally refers to an immigrant considered likely to become primarily dependent on government assistance for support.

Under the new policy, officers will consider five statutory factors: the applicant’s age, health, family status, assets, resources and financial status, as well as education and skills.

USCIS said officers would review all relevant evidence in an applicant’s record and make decisions on a case-by-case basis, considering the totality of the individual’s circumstances.

The agency said officers may also consider other relevant factors, including an applicant’s receipt of means-tested public benefits.

For benefits received before September 18, 2026, USCIS said it would consider public cash assistance for income maintenance and long-term institutionalisation at government expense.

For benefits received on or after September 18, however, the agency said it would consider a broader range of means-tested benefits.

The changes follow a Department of Homeland Security final rule rescinding the 2022 public charge regulation. The rule was published in the Federal Register on July 20 and is scheduled to take effect on September 18.

USCIS said the updated approach is intended to reflect congressional intent that immigrants in the United States remain self-sufficient and do not depend on taxpayer-funded government benefits.

However, not all green card applicants will be subject to the public charge requirement.

USCIS maintains exemptions for several categories, including refugees and asylees, certain victims of human trafficking and qualifying criminal activity, special immigrant juveniles and certain Violence Against Women Act self-petitioners.

The agency will also continue its public charge bond process. Where an officer determines that an applicant is inadmissible solely because the person is likely to become a public charge, USCIS may invite the applicant to post a financial bond.

According to USCIS, the amount of the bond will take into account the government assistance the applicant may be eligible for and potentially receive over the following five years.

The agency stressed that a public charge determination will not be based on a single factor, but on an assessment of the applicant’s overall circumstances.

The new guidance will apply to Form I-485 applications subject to the public charge ground of inadmissibility that are postmarked or electronically submitted on or after September 18, 2026.