The death of Pope Francis has set into motion the political process within the Catholic Church to select a new Pontiff. Cardinals from around the world will gather in the Vatican for the election, known as a conclave, following a traditional 15-day mourning period.
Pope Francis passed away at the age of 88 after serving as the spiritual leader of the Roman Catholic Church for 12 years. His death has triggered a mourning period defined by centuries-old rites and has initiated the process for electing a new Pontiff. A conclave is expected to be convened between 15 and 20 days after Francis’ death.
The next Pope will be chosen by the College of Cardinals, the Catholic Church’s most senior figures appointed by the Pontiff. These cardinals will make their way to Rome in the coming days for the conclave. The term “conclave” comes from the Latin ‘cum clave’, meaning “with key,” indicating the closed nature of the papal election process.
There are over 220 cardinals from more than 70 countries, but only about 120 are eligible to vote, as those over the age of 80 are excluded. Notably, two-thirds of the cardinal electors have been appointed by Francis over the past decade and largely reflected his vision of a more inclusive church.
Once the cardinals assemble in Rome, typically 15-20 days after the pope’s death, they will gather under Michelangelo’s magnificent painted ceiling in the Sistine Chapel to begin their deliberations. Following the declaration of ‘extra omnes’ (everyone out), referring to all but voting cardinals and a select few officials and doctors, the doors will be locked.
The cardinals will take an oath of absolute secrecy and are permitted no contact with the outside world during the election process. Their phones will be confiscated, and no newspapers, television, letters, or messages are allowed. The chapel will also be swept for listening devices before and during the conclave.
Predicting the outcome of the highly secretive papal conclave is nearly impossible, as the positions of cardinals often shift over successive votes. Some attempt to influence the chances of their favoured, or least favoured candidates. During the last conclave in 2013, few anticipated Jorge Mario Bergoglio would be elected as Pope Francis.
Currently, speculation centers on several potential successors of Pope Francis:
Pietro Parolin, 70, Italy
Described as a moderate “continuity candidate,” Parolin has been the Vatican’s Secretary of State since 2013, playing a crucial role in diplomatic affairs. Critics view him as a modernist who prioritizes diplomatic solutions over faith’s hard truths, while supporters see him as a courageous idealist advocating for peace.
Luis Antonio Tagle, 67, the Philippines
The former Archbishop of Manila, Tagle could become the first Asian pope, coming from a region with the fastest-growing Catholic demographic. Although once considered Francis’s preferred successor, he has recently fallen out of favor. He has criticized the Church’s stance on divorce and LGBTQ+ issues while opposing abortion rights in the Philippines.
Peter Turkson, 76, Ghana
Turkson, potential to be the first black pope in centuries, has been vocal on climate change, poverty, and economic justice while maintaining traditional Church positions. However, he has relaxed his views on LGBTQ+ issues, arguing for a more compassionate approach to laws in several African nations.
Péter Erdő, 72, Hungary
A leading conservative candidate, Erdő advocates for traditional Catholic teachings and could represent a significant departure from Francis’s approach. He has been aligned with Hungary’s nationalist policies, opposing Francis’s calls for welcoming migrants.
Matteo Zuppi, 69, Italy
Appointed by Francis in 2019, Zuppi is viewed as a progressive who would likely continue the late pope’s legacy focused on the poor and marginalized. He has served as the Vatican peace envoy for Ukraine, meeting both Russian and Ukrainian leaders.
José Tolentino Calaca de Mendonça, 59, Portugal
As one of the youngest contenders, Tolentino’s ambition could be a drawback for his supporters. He has attracted controversy for his inclusive views on same-sex relationships and feminist issues within the Church.
Mario Grech, 68, Malta
Initially seen as a traditionalist, Grech has shifted towards progressive views after Francis’s election. Supporters believe his evolving stance demonstrates growth and adaptability.
Pierbattista Pizzaballa, 60, Italy
Serving as the Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem, Pizzaballa has engaged in advocacy for the Christian minority in the Holy Land and has shown a willingness to continue some of Francis’s leadership styles.
Robert Sarah, 79, Guinea
A traditionalist who at times attempted to position himself as a “parallel authority” to Francis, Sarah has been outspoken on clerical celibacy and other contentious issues, potentially making history as the first black pope.
