Amid Inflationary Pressures, Nigeria’s Business Activities Expand, Hit 6-month High

Business activity in Nigeria expanded for the first time in three months in December 2023 despite rising prices, a new Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI) has shown.

The latest monthly PMI by Stanbic IBTC Bank released on Tuesday showed the headline index rose to 52.7 in December from 48.0 in November. Readings above 50.0 signal an improvement in business conditions, while those below show deterioration.

Further analysis shows that December’s index is the highest in six months.

May’s PMI index (54.0) saw the highest growth since the beginning of 2023.

The purchasing costs and selling prices of goods and services in Nigeria rose at sharper rates in December than in November, 2023, amidst inflationary pressures.

The Nigerian private sector returned to growth in December with renewed increases in both output and new orders recorded amid some signs of recovery in demand.

In the Stanbic IBTC Bank Nigeria Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI) report for December, 2023, it stated that, “this was despite continued intense inflationary pressure, even as business confidence dropped to the joint-lowest in the decade-long survey so far.”

Stanbic IBTC Bank noted that despite the return to growth of activity in December, confidence in the year-ahead outlook continued to wane, easing for the second month running to the joint-lowest since the survey began in January 2014.

Authors of the report said the improvements in new orders and business activity in December encouraged companies to take on extra staff at the end of the year, thereby extending the current sequence of job creation to eight months.

“Purchasing activity and inventory holdings were also expanded. Backlogs of work increased for the third time in the past four months, however, amid issues with the cost and availability of materials and customer payment delays.”

The headline PMI moved back above the 50.0 no-change mark for the first time in three months at the end of 2023, posting 52.7 in December from 48.0 in November. Readings above 50.0 signal an improvement in business conditions on the previous month, while readings below 50.0 show a deterioration.

The report added that, “the reading signalled a solid improvement in the health of the private sector, and one that was the most marked since June. Demand conditions showed signs of recovery, leading to a marked increase in new orders following two months of contraction.

“Similarly, business activity also returned to growth and was up solidly over the month. Sector data showed that wholesale and retail activity continued to fall, however.

“The improvements seen in December were recorded in spite of a continuation of the severe price pressures seen in recent months. While overall input price inflation softened slightly, it remained among the sharpest on record.

“The slowdown in overall input price inflation reflected a softer, but still solid increase in staff costs. Meanwhile, the rate of purchase price inflation quickened for the third successive month and was the sharpest for two years. Panellists again linked inflation to exchange rate weakness and higher fuel costs, while there were also reports of higher prices for animal feed.”

Head of Equity Research West Africa at Stanbic IBTC Bank, Muyiwa Oni said: “the headline PMI returned to expansion territory for the first time in three months in December 2023, posting 52.7. The reading implies a strong improvement in the health of the private sector, and one that was the most marked since June. Demand conditions showed signs of recovery, leading to a marked increase in new orders following two months of contraction.

“Nevertheless, feedback from respondents continue to show intense inflationary pressure, with purchase costs and selling prices each rising at sharper rates than in November. We expect inflationary pressures to remain elevated in the near term.”