Nigeria’s Security Architecture: Progress Amidst Complex Challenges

The PUNCH editorial of April 27, 2025, titled “Insecurity and Incompetence of Security Chiefs”* , while understandably driven by patriotic fervour, falls into the classic pitfall of oversimplifying a profoundly complex national security crisis. *To characterise the Nigerian security chiefs as “clueless” or “grossly incompetent” is not only unfair, it dangerously underestimates the multidimensional challenges they confront daily, often at great personal risk and sacrifice.*

The editorial paints a grim, heartbreaking picture of Nigeria’s insecurity—and rightly so. *However, the portrayal of the Service Chiefs and heads of intelligence agencies as idle bureaucrats waiting for presidential instructions is misleading.* What it conveniently ignores is that Nigeria’s security challenges are neither isolated nor simplistic. *They are deeply rooted in decades-long socio-political fractures, economic dislocations, porous transnational borders, foreign insurgent influences, and a global terrorism matrix that continues to mutate beyond classical military doctrines.*

The tragedy unfolding across Benue, Plateau, Kwara, and other states is not a sudden phenomenon.* It is the culmination of years of weak communal relations, the collapse of rural economies, foreign fighter infiltration, climate-driven migration pressures, and the trans-border proliferation of sophisticated arms from failed North African states. These are strategic and complex problems—far beyond the reach of simple military deployment or spontaneous reaction.

Far from idling, Nigeria’s security chiefs—General Chris Musa (CDS), Lt. General Olufemi Oluyede (COAS), Air Marshal Hassan Abubakar (CAS), Vice Admiral Emmanuel Ogalla (CNS), IGP Kayode Egbetokun, DG DSS Adeola Ajayi, and DG NIA Ambassador Mohammed Mohammed—are engaged in continuous strategic, kinetic, and intelligence operations across the federation.

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In fact, under their leadership, we have seen:

Intensified aerial bombardments and decapitation strikes against insurgent camps.

Increased recovery of captured territories and ungoverned spaces.

Strategic alliances with regional forces under MNJTF to push back terrorist expansionism.

Deployment of joint task forces, mobile police squadrons, and proactive intelligence operations leading to the dismantling of several terrorist cells.

Enhanced collaboration with local security initiatives like Amotekun and Community Vigilantes to bolster internal security frameworks.

Are these efforts flawless?* Absolutely not. But to dismiss them entirely is to be dangerously disconnected from the operational realities of national defence.

The editorial ridicules security chiefs for allegedly awaiting the President’s directive before acting. Such a portrayal reveals a fundamental misunderstanding of military command ethos. In every serious democracy, military and security operations must align with civilian authority. They do not—and should not—operate on whimsical impulses independent of constitutional control. President Tinubu’s firm directive, “Enough is enough,” signals reinforcement of political will—not an indictment of security operations.

It is true that Nigeria’s borders are porous. But has PUNCH forgotten that Nigeria shares over 4,477 kilometres of land borders with multiple states, many of which are politically unstable or in outright chaos? Even the wealthiest and most technologically advanced nations struggle with illegal immigration and infiltration. The inflow of armed elements from Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger following the Sahelian upheavals exacerbates an already volatile security ecosystem. No security chief, no matter how competent, can seal such expansive borders overnight.

Expecting instant victories against insurgencies and banditry betrays ignorance of counter-insurgency realities. History shows that defeating asymmetric threats requires not just bullets and bombs, but winning hearts and minds, stabilising local economies, deradicalising ideologies, and rebuilding governance structures—none of which yield instant results.

Is the frustration of Nigerians justified? Without a doubt. But frustration must not be allowed to blind reason. Nigeria’s security chiefs are fighting an extraordinarily complex and long war—one complicated by decades of governmental neglect, international complicity in arms smuggling, and rapid socio-economic decline.

Instead of emotional denunciations, the media, civil society, and citizens should focus on:

Institutional strengthening: Advocating for police reforms, military modernisation, and enhanced intelligence architecture.

Border security reinforcement:* Supporting diplomatic, military, and technological measures to better monitor Nigeria’s extensive frontiers.

Community-based security initiatives: Encouraging grassroots security partnerships between security agencies and communities.

Balanced reportage:* Highlighting security successes alongside failures to boost morale among the troops risking their lives daily.

Rather than call for the resignation of the security chiefs who continue to bleed and toil for Nigeria’s stability, what the nation needs is a collective surge of constructive patriotism: citizen vigilance, local cooperation, responsible media advocacy, and political unity.

The path to securing Nigeria is not paved with simplistic outrage. It is carved painstakingly through cooperation, resilience, reform, and realism. Our security chiefs deserve fair critique—not sweeping condemnation.

As Nigeria navigates one of the most turbulent chapters of its history, let us choose the path of reasoned engagement over the temptation of emotionalism. Nigeria needs all hands on deck—not the cynical tearing down of those at the helm of a most difficult battle.

– Brigadier General Gusau is the  Director Defence Information